Improvement in dentistss chairs



. 7 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. T.v STARR.

Dentists Chair.

No. 222,092. 2 Pa t ented Nov. 25, 1879.

By his .dt/rjrneyx N. PETERS, FHDTO-LITHGGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. u c.

. 7 Sheets-Sheet, 2. E. T. STARIL Dentists Chair.

.No. 222,092; Patented Nov. 25,1879.

Q v I GRAPHER, WASHINGTON D C N. PETERS 'PNOT LTHO I 7 Shets-S heet s.

E. T. STARR. Dentists Chair.

NO.'222,092. Patented Nov. 25, 1879.

NJETERs, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON 0 c.

7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

E. T. STARR. Dentist's Chair.

No. 222,092. Patented Nov. 25, 1879.

| I all WITNESSES 2 I JNVEA TOR I EL 7'2:

7 By his fltlvr-neys Z Tam N. FEI'ERS, Priorb'umbannnen, WASHINGTON, ac.

V sneet s -sneeta. E. T. STARR. Dentists Gha'rr.

' No. 222,092. Patented Nov. 25,1879.

IN VEJVTO'R P 1 22,; 1 s fr.

By his .dttorneys m 25 94 WITNESSES lLFEfiRs, FHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER.WASHING ON. D. O.

f Sheets-Sheet 7.

E. T. STARR. Dentist's Chair;

NO. 222,092 Patented NOV. 25, I879.

V f f [1 WJSSES a N. PETERS, PHOTB-LITNOGRAPHER. WASMNGTON. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT FFToEL ELI T. STARR, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA,ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL S.

WHITE, OF SAME PLACE.

IMPROVEMENT IN DENTISTS CHAIRS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 222,092, datedN0veinber25,1879; application filed November 21, 1878. i

i To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, ELI T. STARR, of the city and county of Philadelphia,in the State of Pennsylvania-,have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Dentists" Chairs, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to dentists chairs of the class in which isembodied a fluid sup porting or sustaining column and mechanism to raiseand lower the chair body or seat relativel y to its base, andconstitutes an improve ment upon the hydrostatic pedal-lever stool orchair shown in Bramble and Deihls patent of March 31, 1868, reissued toS. S. White, as assignee, June 25, 1878, as No. 8,294, and upon thedental chair shown in John B. VVarings application for Letters Patent ofthe United States filed January 2, 1878.

The general objects of my invention are readily to raise and lower thechair body or seat relatively to the base without shock or jar; toenable the supporting-plunger and chair body or seat mounted thereon toturn relatively to the lifting mechanism, to thefiuid cylinder, in whichthe plunger moves, and to the base; to avoid the necessity of providingthe supporting-plunger with teeth. depressions, or irregularities in itssurface or periphery for the purpose of elevating it while applying thelifting mechanism to the side of the plunger, (in contradistinction toapplying the lifting mechanism beneath or upon the endof the plunger, aswhen the fluid-column is employed as the lifting mechanism in connectionwith a pump, or to applying the lifting mechanism to the side of aplunger provided with a rack or irregularities in its sur face;) toprevent injurious strains between the plunger and the cylinder in whichit moves; to preserve a tight joint between the plunger and cylinder,and to hold the chair-body securely at any desired height or elevationrelatively to the base; and, finally, to improve the construction ofvarious parts of the chair conducive to its more easy, steady, andadvantageous operation, as hereinafter specified.

The subject-matter claimed will hereinafter specifically be designated.

The accompanying drawings represent a chair embodying all my presentimprovements. Obviously, however, some of them may be used without theothers, and in chairs difi'ering in details of construction from the onetherein represented. The details of construction shown may, obviously,also be modir tied in various well-known ways without departing from thespirit of myinvention, which variations would readily suggest themselvesto a skilled mechanic on examining the specification anddrawings.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved chair; Fig. 2,avertical longitudinal central section through the portions other thanthe base and the devices secured thereto. Fig. 3 represents a transversesection through the front of the chair-body, partly on the line 3 3 ofFig. 2, showing the mechanism for rocking or tilting the chair on itssupporting plunger. Fig. 4 represents a view, in elevation, partly invertical section on the line 4 4 of Figs. 5, 12, and 13, through thechair lifting and supporting mechanism. Fig, 5 represents a similar viewon the line 515 of Figs. 4, 12, and 13, showing a section at rightangles to that depicted in Fig. 4. (Figs. 4 and 5 are on a scale largerthan that of the preceding figures.) Fig. 6 represents a verticalsection through the base of the chair on the line 6 6 of Fig. 7; andFig. 7, asiinilar section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6, both these figuresshowing the valve-tripping mechanism,and both figures being on a stilllargerscale than that of Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 8 represents a horizontaltransverse section through the base on the line 8 8 of Fig. 4, showingthe details of the lifting-shoes. Fig. 9 represents a verticaltransverse section on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 represents a transverse section through the base on the line 10 10 of Fig. 5, showingmechanism for clampin g the supporting-plunger to prevent its turninghorizontally in its sheath or cylinder; Fi 11, a similar section 011 theline 11 ll of Figs. 4 and 5; Fig. 12, a similar section on the line 1212 of Figs. 6 and 7, showing other details of the valve-trippingmechanism. (Figs. 8 to 12, inclusive, are on the same scale as Figs. .4and 5.) Fig. 13, a similar section on the line 13 13 of Figs. 5, 6, and7, showing further details of the valve and of the lifting 1nechanclamp,(Z.

and Fig. 18, a longitudinal section on the line 18 18 of Fig. 17.

The chair-body is shown as constructed in a manner similar to that ofthe body of the wellknown S. S. White dental chair, patented February20, 1877 and it consists of a seat frame, A, supporting a back-frame, A,arm- 'frame A, and pendent foot=boardsupporting frame A which in thisinstance forms a continuatio'nof the arm.-frame.

In a'socket or guide in the back-frame A a tube sectionor slide, B,carrying a back-pad,

G, telescopes or moves freely endwise, and is locked at any point in itsrange of movement by asuitable clampscrew, b. The back-pad is hinged orpivoted at. its upper end,and its lower end has the capacity of beingadjusted backward and forward (or to and from the supporting-frameibymeans of a set-screw, c. The telescoping orendwise-moving tube carryingthe back-pad receives an endwise-moving or telescoping rod, D,'carryingon its upper bent end a head-result, and its adjusting mechanism, whichmay be of any well-known construction. Thisvertical]y-adjustablehead-rest bar is locked in position by a set-screwor This construction permits adjustment to accommodate persons differingin size,

as'wcll as to insure their case and comfort, by

varying the angle of inclination between the seat and back; but asthisimprovcd construction of chair-body is the invention of S. S. White,(patented as before stated,) it, ofcourse, is not claimed herein.

The foot-board proper, F, is secured between suitable side bars orbrackets, ff, one at each side, the inner bent ends of which aresecurely attached to and between the lower ends of the side pieces ofthe pendent frame A in a wellknown way. It is obvious, however, that thebrackets whichsupport the foot-board may be 4 cast-with or form part ofthe pendent frame A The inner sides of the straight projecting porrestframe a capacity to slide or be adjusted upon the side bars of thestationary foot-board F to and from the seat of the chair, while thesaid frame is firmly supported at all points in its range of movement,the ends of the arms 1 g of the foot-rest frame fitting theguidegrooves, being divided or branched, in order to give two points ofsupport or hearing in the grooves for said frame at each side thereof.

These side arms or supports, g g, of the footrest frame carry threefoot-rest or foot-support in g cross-barsin this instance one aswiveling turning bar, connecting their outer ends, another bar or boardconnecting their lower ends just above the stationary foot-board proper,and a third or intermediate bar connecting the arms at or about theircenter. The ends of the arms beneath the stationary boardare alsoconnected by a brace bar or rod, 9., which also serves an additionalpurpose, as will presently appear.

Inorder to adjust th'efoot-rest or foot-rest frame upon the foot-boardtowardand from the seat to accommodate the various persons occupying thechair in an easy, noiseless, and convenient manner, I mount in suitablebearings, preferably near the front and beneath the seat-frame, aWindlass-shaft, H, to which a suitable crank or handle is to be appliedfrom a suitable drum, at each end of which shaft passes an endless cord,I, to and under .-a double set of intermediate pulleys, i i, one

set being mounted upon the shaft H- near each end, and from thence each.cord passes around its respective pulley, '5 mounted upon a shaft, Hsecured near the front end of the foot-board proper. These cords orbelts are so wound upon their respective drums that one portion or theotherof each cord winds upon or unwinds from its drum in whicheverwaythe Windlass-shaft is rotated; and as one portion of each cord,intermediate of the pulley-shafts H H is secured or fastened at g to therod orbar g, the foot-rest frame will be drawn positively toward theseat, or carried positively away therefrom, according to the directionin which the windlass is turned, which operation will clearly beunderstood by inspecting Figs. 2,14, and 16 of thedrawings.

It will be obvious that instead of having a belt or cord ateach side toadjust the footrest asingle belt might be employed, located at thecenter. Other devices for'reciprocatiug the foot-rest will also suggestthemselves to a skillful mechanic as advantageous in particular cases.

The foot-boardproper, instead of being fixed both as to vertical andhorizontaliadjustment, might be. constructed in well-known ways so as tobe vertically adjustable in reference to its pendent su1')porting-frame,a suitable belt-tighteningdevice being employed to preserve therequisite tension of the belts or cord.

The chair body or seat is pivoted or mounted on trunnions j, on across-bar or yoke, J ,fixed or supported upon the top of a plungerorpiston, K, in such manner that the chair body or seat has the capacityof rocking, or of being rocked or tilted, freely backward and forward onits supports. In order to accomplish this adjustment or rocking of thechair-body, to gethcr with the patient, should one be seated B 222,092 Is therein, andretain it in position when soadjusted, I preferably employthe device shown in the patent of White of February 20, 1877,hereinbefore referred to, which consists of a screw, L, working througha block, 1, journaled in a step, j, projecting; from the crossbar oryoke on which the body is pivoted, the

upper end of this screw being journaled (so as to be capable of turningfreely but prevented from' endwise movement) in a pivoted bar, M, nearthe front of the seat-frame, and carrying upon said end a bevel-wheel,m, driven by a corresponding bevel gear, m, mounted on a winch-shaft, M,turning in suitable hearings on the bar M. Other mechanism may, however,be employedto tilt and lock the body in its tilted position.

The plunger or piston which carries the chair-body is movable endwisethrough a central opening. ina non-rotating base, shell, or casing, N,supported upon suitable legs or feet a, and is also movable endwise in acylinder,

0, supported by and inelosed within the base or shell and its feet.which base and feet are preferably constructed of metal and cast in asin gle piece.

The plunger is provided at its lower end with packing, as usual in thisclass of chairs, and has the capacity of turning, as well as of movingfreely endwise, in the cylinder, whereby the horizontal as well asvertical adjustment of theehair is accommodated, which is in thisparticular substantially similar to the chair shown in Bramble andDeihls patent of March 31, 1868, hereinbefore referred to.

In order to preserve a tight joint bet-ween the plunger and cylinder, Iconstruct the plunger of a diameter preferablysomewhat less than that ofthe bore of the cylinder, and secure a packing-head upon its lowerend insuch manner that the plunger may swivel or turn freely independentlyorirrespective of the packing-head, though carrying said head with it inits endwise movements.

I prefer to employ a tubular plunger, and provide its bore at the lowerend with a suitable box or bearing, is, to receive a round shank orjournal, k,projeeting from the packing-head, which preferably consistsof a circular plate, 70', between which and another circular plate, 7c",of somewhat smaller diameter, the packing material is secured, asclearly shown in Fig. 5.

The upper endof the shank k projects beyond its bearing into the bore ofthe plunger, and is provided with a suitable nut or shoulder, whereby,while the: plunger is free to turn upon the packing-l1ead the two arelocked together in respect to endwise movement.- The packing projectsout from between the plates k 7c, and envelops the edges of the lowerplate, forming a tight joint between said plate and the cylinder.

' The plunger is shown as tubular but it may be solid, if preferred, andsuitably recessed at its lower end to receive the journal of thepackinghead; or the said head and plunger maybe coupled together by anyother suitable swiveling connections.

The cylinder 0 communicates, through inginterposed to insure atightjointand pre-' vent leakage of the fluid.

The shell or base is provided with. an openin g near its upper end,ordinarily closed by a suitable plug or cap, r, through which openingoil or other suitable liquid or fluid may be supplied to the reservoir.

By the construction above described the chair base or shell itselfconstitutes the walls of the fluid-reservoir, (in contradistiinction toa base having a recess for the reception of both a separate reservoirand cylinder,) the advantage of which is obvious.

The cylinder 0, it will be observed, is secured to the reservoir-casingQ just above its bottom, and extends upward centrally in the base orshell, being supported by and fitting snugly in the lower or bottomportion, 02 of said base, and through the reservoir-cavity Q, formedinthe base. The upper end of the cylinder terminates below the top of thebase in an annular recess, n, formed in the base above its cavity, whereit is firmly supported, as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and'5, and thisupper end is provided on its periphery with longitudinal grooves, ducts,or channels 0, to return to the reservoir any fluid that may be drawnorforced up by or past the plunger.

It will thus be seen that the plunger, in its movements and when atrest, is not wholly supported by the fluid-cylinder, but above thecylinder is guided and supported by the central opening or walls thereofin the upper end of the base, in which opening or bore the plunger titssnugly. This relieves the cylinder from too much strain, and tends toaid in the preservation of a tight joint between it and the packing ofthe plunger.

The upward movement of the plunger is limitedby the upper plate, W, ofthe packinghead, which strikes or abuts against the annular shoulder oredge formed in the base or shell above the top of the recess a, in whichrecess the upper end of the cylinder is supported.

I have shown in Figs. 7 and 13 two valves, to permit of communicationbetween the fluid chamber or reservoir and the cylinder,.both

opening inwardly or downwardly against the pressure of the fluid, as inBramble and Deihls patent, hereinbefore referred to, and have also shownthem of different size, as in Warings application, above mentioned.

The object of employing two valves of different size is, that when thesupporting-plunger is elevated or raised the fluid follows rapidly intothe cylinder through the large valve to support theplunger or piston inits elevated position, while the smaller or outlet valve, when opened,renders the descent of the piston more gradual, as is well understood.The same result may, however, be attained by valves of the same size,the forcing of the outlet-valve from its seat to a greater or lessdegree regulating the escape of the fluid from beneath the plunger, and,consequently, the rapidity of descent of the plunger.

A single valve may also be employed to permit both ingress and egress ofthe oil to and from the cylinder, if desired; but the employment of thetwo valves is preferred.

The large valve 1? is of well-known construction; but the smaller oroutlet valve, its casin g, and its operating mechanism are, preferably,constructed as follows: A tubular casing, 1), is secured in thepartition-plate, between the reservoir and cylinder, the upper end ofwhich receives and guides the lower end of avertical rod, p said rodbeing guided at its upper end in a suitable recess formed in the base orshell. The lower end of this rod p is tapering, and is connected withthe upper end of a conical or tapering valve or plug, 19, fitting thelower end of the casingp, the rod and valve being, by preference, formedIn one piece.

The tubular valve-casing is provided, just above the partition plate,with a circular groove or channel, into which a series of perforationsor openings lead from the bore of the casing, which communicates withthe fluidcylinder, and surrounding this channel or recess and theperforations in the casing leading thereto is a perforated guard orring, the perforations in which are preferably more numerous than thosein the casing 11. This construction gives two series of perforations,through which the oil escapes from the cylinder back into the reservoirwhen the valve is opened, and thus obviates unpleasant noise from theescaping oil. The opening of the valve is accomplished by means of a toe,.wiper, or projection, r, on a rock-shaft, R, which wiper acts upon acollar, 19 on the rod p and forces said rod downward, thus pushing thevalve or plug from its seat.

The shaft R, which operates the valve-rod, passes transversely throughthe base and cavity formed therein, and upon each-of its ends, outsidethe base, is mounted or secured a foot piece or lever, whereby theoutlet-valve may be operated by applying the foot to a separate leverupon either side of the chair.

A suitable spring, confined between a collar on the lower end of thevalve-rod and the upper end of the valve-casing, serves to raise saidrod when the pressure of the foot is removed, thus instantly closing thevalve and retaining it in that position, which closing is aided andfacilitated by the back-pressure of the fluid in the cylinder.

A suitable clamp-screw, S, passes through the base, near its top orupper end, and forces (when turned in the rightdirection by the foot ofthe operator being applied to a depending lever secured thereto) a shoeor plate against the side of the plunger, to lock said plunger to thebase and prevent endwise or turning movement of the plunger therein.

In order to retain the advantages of a footlever for elevating thechair-body and plunger, in connection with a fluid supporting-column,which is the invention of Bramble and Deihl, and patented, ashereinbefore stated, while obviating the necessity of applying thelifting mechanism beneath the plunger, as with the fluid-column andpump, or of applying it to one side of the plunger in lieu thereof bymeans of racks or ratchets and pawls, which latter necessitates theformation'of irregularities in or upon the surface of the plunger, whichprevent independent rotation of the plunger; and, furthermore, to securea method of raising the plunger in an easy noiseless manner, in whichthe fulcrum of the elevating-lever will preferably be at or near thelower part of the base of the chair, and thus remain stationary inconnection with said base relatively to the turning plunger or spindle,which permits of the horizontal adjustment of the chair body or seat, Ihave devised apparatus to these ends.

This elevating apparatus preferably consists of a foot-lever, T, pivotedto a depending arm or bracket, t, secured to the non-rotatin gchairbase, (or it may be pivoted upon the fixed or non-rotating baseitself,) the lever being provided at its outer end with a foot piece orpad, 25, to which the foot of the operator is to be applied, and at itsinner end with forked arms partially encircling the fluid-reservoir,which is suspended or inclosed within the legs or base of the chair. Tothe ends of these arms are pivoted or pin-jointed the lower ends ofvertical links or arms, U U, movable endwise in recesses or chambersformed in the base or shell, as clearly shown in Figs. 4, 10, 11, and12. The upper ends of these links are bent outward and upward, asclearly shown in Fig. 4, (the upper end of the base being slotted forthat purpose,) and are pin-jointed or pivoted to the outer ends of shortlinks or levers V V, having their fulcra or pivots at o, and pro-' videdon their inner ends with cam surfaces or faces, which bear against shoesor plates 2 o, fitting upon opposite sides of the plunger.

The inner portions of the levers V V and the shoes are inclosed within amovable head, W, preferably similar in shape to the upper end of thebase, which head travels with the cam-levers and shoes, which clamp theplunger in the elevating operation.

In order to accommodate the slight downward movement of the shoes,caused by the icam-levers acting against them when operated to clamp theplunger, the shoes are loosely mounted in their carrying-head, and restupa single clamp, actuated by the lever and acting upon one side of theplunger only, to elevate it.

One obvious way of elevating the plunger bya single clamp, fitted tooperate at one side thereof, would be merely to omit or. disconnect oneof the two vertical links U and its clamping or cam lever V and shoe. Asingle clamp acting upon one side of the plunger only, however, does notwork so perfectly as the preferred and described construction of twoclamps fitted. to operate upon opposite sides of the plungerto elevateit.

It will also be obvious that additional clampinglevers and shoes couldbe added, so as to clamp the plunger upon more than two sides or places,ifdesired; but, as abovestated, .theconstruction shown is preferred.

The operation of my improved chair,as far as relates to the elevatingandsustaining mechanism, is as follows, it being deemed unnecessary torecapitulate the operation and various adjustments of the portion of thechair above the plunger, or of the foot-rest carried thereby, :suchbeing obvious from the preceding description thereof: The elevation ofthe plunger is effected by the foot of the operator, who depresses theouter end of the elevating-lever, 5 which depression raises the innerforked end 5 of said lever, and with it the vertical links pivotedthereto, which links in turn, immedi- 1 ately upon the commencement oftheir upward 1 movement, act upon the cam-levers, forcing the 1 shoesagainst the plunger upon and from opposite sides, and securely clampingthe plunger between them and as the elevating movement continues theplunger is lifted bodily,

carrying with it, of course, the chair body or scat mounted thereon.This upward movement of the plunger causes the fluid in the reservoir toflow throughthe large inletvalve opening into the chamber thatcommunicates directly with the cylinder, and follow the plunger in itsascent.

When the pressure on thelever is removed its outer end is raised to itsnormal position,

ready for the next downward movement that is to .add to the elevation ofthe chair, this being caused by the action of suitable springs, (shownclearly in Fig. 4,) the tension of which is always exerted to force ordraw down the inner forked end of the lever and elevate its outer end.This downward movement causes a release of the clamping-shoes from theplunger, and causes them, together with the head inclosing the upperportion of the elevating apparatus, to move down in position ready toact upon the next operation or depression of the elevating-lever. Thisleaves the plunger free to turn, so that the chair-body can be adjustedhorizontally.

Immediately upon the release of the plunger a slight down ward orbackward movement thereof takes place, which instantly closes the valveby which the fluid was'allowed to enter the cylinder, (which closing ofthe valve may or may not be aided by suitable springs in well-knownways,) and thus prevents the es cape of the fluid, which, beingpractically nonelastic, consequently cushions and supports the plungerin its elevated position.

This elevating operation can, of course, be continued until the limit ofthe range of movement of the plunger in an upward direction is reached.

To lower the plunger, and consequently the chair body or seat carried byit,;the outletvalve (the small onein the preferred construction) isforced from its seat, which allows the fluid'to escape or flow back fromthe cylinder to the reservoir, thus permitting the plunger to descendgradually and without shock or jar.

The operation of the valve is accomplished by means of the foot of theoperator, which may be applied to a separate lever upon either side ofthe chair, as before stated, which is highly advantageous.

The advantages of a dental chairconstructed according to my inventionhave been amply demonstrated by practical operation, and its superiorityover other chairsof this class, constructed as hereinbefore recited, isobvious.

I do not wish to be understood as claiming, broadly, a foot-rest slidingor reciprocating toward and from a seat, as that is very old; but I amnot aware that the stationary foot-board or platform of a dental chairhas ever heretofore been combined with a sliding foot-rest reciprocatedpositively backward and forward by mechanism convenient to the operator.

1 do not wish to be understood as claiming, broadly, first, thecombination, in a dental chair, of a base, a'plunger, a chair-bodycapable of varying adjustment mounted thereon,

a fluid supporting-column, an elevating footlever, and a handle or leverindependent of the elevating foot-lever, or elevating mechanism foroperating the valve or mechanism that permits of the escape of the fluidfrom beneath the plunger to lower the chair; secondly, a chair-bodymounted upon a plunger sustained at any desired height by means of afluid medium, the said chair-body being adapted to be variably inclined,and being provided with means for securingit at any desired angle; and,thirdly, the combination of a base or stand, a vertically-movablesupport, a fluid medium for sustaining said support, a chair-bodycarried by said support adapted to be adjusted vertically, horizontally,and as to inclination relatively to the base, and mechanism foraccomplishing these adjustments of the chair-body. These three recitedcombinations or subjects-matter are the invention of John B. Waring,whose application has hereinbefore been alluded to.

Neither do I wish to be understood as claiming in this application anyfeature, portion, part, or combination of my present invention (asembodied in the chair illustrated in the accompanying drawings ordescribed herein) other than as specifically set out in the follow-' ing claims.

My intention is to embody in my application of July 7, 1879, filed as adivision of this case, claims to any and all patentable subjectmatter ofmy present invention not herein specifically claimed and I herebyexpressly disclaim in favor of my said application of July 7 1879, allpatentable subj ect-matter common to said application and this presentone not claimed herein, a like disclaimer being entered in myapplication of July 7 1879, to the subject-matter covered by the claimshereof.

I claim as of my own invention 1. The combination, substantially ashereinbefore set forth, of the foot-board, the foot-rest fitted to movebackward and forward relatively to the foot-board, the shaft connectedwith the frame of the chair, and connecting devices, substantially asdescribed, between said shaft and said foot-rest.

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thecylinder, the plunger turningvth erein, the elevatin g-lever, and mechanism, substantially as described, acting upon the side of the plunger,preventing its rotation when being elevated, but when the pressure onthe elevating-lever is removed permitting the plunger to be rotated toaccomplish horizontal adjustment or turning of the chair-body carried bythe plunger.

3. The combination,substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thechair-base, the cylinder, the plunger having the capacity of turnin grelatively thereto, the elevatii'lg-lever pivoted to a non-rotatingportion of the chairbase, and mechanism, substantially as described,actuated by the lever to clamp or engage the sides of the plunger toelevate it.

4. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the clamp fitted to operate at one side thereof, the movablehead, and the elevating-lever for moving said clamp.

5. The combination,substantiallyas hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the clamp fitted to operate at one side thereof, the movablehead, the elevating-lever, and the spring for releasing the clamp.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, two clamps fitted to operateat opposite sides of said plunger,the movable head, and the elevating-lever.

7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, two clamps fitted to operate at opposite sides of said plunger,the movable head, the elevating-lever, and the spring for releasing theclamps.

S. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the clamp fit{ ted to operate at one side thereof, theclampshoe, the movable head, and the elevating-lever.

9. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the movable head surrounding the same, the device,substantially as described, for taking hold of said plunger, and theelevating-lever.

10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thebase, the cylinder, the plunger, mechanism, substantially as described,acting upon the plunger outside of and above the reservoir and base, theelevating-lever actuating said mechanism through the medium of itsconnections, and a fluidcolumn to uphold the plunger when elevated.

11. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thebase, the cylinder, the plunger, the clamping mechanism acting upon theplunger outside of and above the reservoir and base, and theelevating-lever for actuating said mechanism pivoted upon the baseyandconnected with the clamping mechanism by link-connections.

12. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thebase, the plunger, devices, substantially as described, for taking holdof the plunger to elevate it, carried by a movable head, and theelevating-lever.

13. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the devices, substantially as described, for taking hold of thesame upon opposite sides to elevate it, and a forked elevating-lever.

14. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the clamp fitted to operate at one side thereof, the movablehead, the elevating-lever, the cylinder inclosing the plunger, and theoutlet-valve of said cylinder.

15. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thecylinder, the plunger, the packing-head, the swiveling connectionbetween the packing-head and the plunger, and the elevating mechanismacting upon the sides of the plunger to elevate it and the packing,while permitting said plunger to turn independently in the cylinder.

16. The'combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thecylinder, the plunger, the packing-head, the swiveling connectionbetween the packing-head and the plunger, and the locking-clamp, toprevent rotation of the plunger.

17. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger, the cylinder inclosing the same, the outlet-valve for saidcylinder, the outlet-valve case, and the perforated guard thereof.

18. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thechair-base, the plunger, the clamp fitted to operate at one side of theplunger, the movable head, and the ole vating-lever for moving saidclamp.

19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thechair-base, the plunger, the seat-frame carried by said plunger,

the movable head surrounding the plunger, the device, substantially asdescribed, for taking hold of said plunger, and the elevatinglever.

21. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thechair-base, the plunger, the seat-frame carried by said plunger, theclamp fitted to operate at one side thereof, the movable head, theelevatinglever, the cylinder inclosing said plunger, and theoutlet-valve of said cylinder. 1

22. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thechair-base", the plunger, the seat carried by the plunger, the packing-head of the plunger, and the swiveling connection between said plungerand its packing-head.

23. The combination,substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of thebase, the fluid-reservoir, the cylinder, the chair body or seatsupporting plunger, the elevating foot-lever, the clamping mechanismacting upon opposite sides of the plunger, the fluid supporting-column,and the valve mechanism, which permits access of fluid to and itswithdrawal from the cylinder beneath the plunger.

24. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theplunger with the packing -head, consisting of the upper and lowerplates, between which the packing material is secured, the said upperplate being provided with a journal or shank having a bearing in theplunger, whereby the latter is permitted to turn freely independently ofthe packing.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

ELI T. STARR.

Witnesses:

WM. J. PEYTON, JOHN F. PARET.

